Map of Joshua's southern campaign

Israelites settled in the hills of ancient Canaan for strategic reasons, mainly to defend themselves against enemy chariot attacks.

Chariots: ancient equivalent to modern tanks

Chariots, which were heavily used by many of their neighboring armies, had a significant advantage on flat, open plains where they could gain speed and maneuver easily. By settling in the hills, Israelites took advantage of the natural landscape to level the playing field. Pun intended.

Rugged lay of the land

Geographically, these hills were rugged and uneven. They rose up from the surrounding lowlands, creating a landscape of steep slopes and ridges. This rugged terrain made it challenging for chariots to gain traction and move swiftly.

Israel takes the high ground

The high ground offered a natural fortification against invaders. It was difficult for chariots to navigate the steep inclines and narrow paths, which limited their effectiveness in battle. In addition to the terrain, the hills provided strategic visibility. From these elevated positions, the Israelites could spot approaching enemy forces from a distance and prepare their defenses. The higher ground allowed them to see threats coming from miles/kilometers away, giving them time to organize their defenses or evacuate if necessary.

Hills, a cooler place to live

Living in the hills also had practical benefits. The cooler temperatures and abundant water sources, such as springs and streams, made the area more hospitable compared to the hotter and drier lowlands. The natural defenses of the hills, combined with these practical advantages, made them an ideal location for the Israelites to settle and protect themselves from powerful chariot-equipped armies.